Who was the anti-apartheid leader who became South Africa's first Black president?

• A. Haganah
• B. Balfour Declaration
• C. Nelson Mandela
• D. PLO

Answer: (C)

Nelson Mandela is the anti-apartheid leader who became South Africa's first Black president. He led the African National Congress in the struggle against apartheid, endured 27 years in prison, and then helped negotiate a peaceful transition to multiracial democracy. In 1994, after the first democratic elections, he became president and dedicated himself to reconciliation and nation-building, a move that symbolized the end of apartheid. The other options come from different regions and contexts: Haganah was a Jewish defense group in Palestine, the Balfour Declaration was a 1917 British pledge about a Jewish homeland, and the PLO is a Palestinian nationalist organization. Mandela’s leadership uniquely fits the description of an anti-apartheid figure who became South Africa’s first Black president.