Which set of reforms in Iran modernized society and economy in the 1960s and 1970s?

• A. White Revolution
• B. Islamic Revolution
• C. Five-Year Plan
• D. New Economic Policy

Answer: (A)

The reforms described are the White Revolution. This was a broad, government-led program launched in 1963 by Iran’s Shah to rapidly modernize the economy and society. It aimed to transform agriculture through land reform, promote industrial growth, expand education and health programs, and grant women voting rights and greater public participation. The goal was to accelerate development and secularize aspects of Iranian life, aligning the country more closely with Western-style modernization. This fits the 1960s–1970s timeframe and is specifically identified as a set of reforms, unlike the other options. The Islamic Revolution occurred later, in 1979, changing the regime rather than modernizing it. The Five-Year Plan is a planning framework rather than a named reform package, and the New Economic Policy is a Soviet-era policy, not part of Iran’s modernization story.