Which organization represents Palestinian nationalism?

• A. Haganah
• B. Pass Laws
• C. PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)
• D. Afrikaner National Party

Answer: (C)

Palestinian nationalism aims to establish self-determination and a distinct national identity for the Palestinian people across historic Palestine. The organization created to unite Palestinian groups and push those aims on the world stage is the Palestinian Liberation Organization. Established in 1964 by Arab states, it brought together various Palestinian factions and became the main, internationally recognized voice representing Palestinians, coordinating political work and, at times, armed struggle, across the West Bank, Gaza, and the diaspora. This central role as the umbrella body for Palestinian national aspirations explains why it best represents Palestinian nationalism.

In contrast, Haganah was a Jewish military organization in the pre-state period that evolved into part of Israel’s defense forces, not a movement for Palestinian nationalism. Pass Laws were apartheid-era South African policies, and the Afrikaner National Party was the white-led party that governed South Africa, neither of which center Palestinian national identity.