Which of the following is a non-governmental organization focused on medical relief and humanitarian aid?

• A. NATO
• B. World Health Organization
• C. Doctors Without Borders
• D. UNICEF

Answer: (C)

The idea being tested is how to identify a non-governmental organization that provides medical relief and humanitarian aid. NGOs operate independently of governments, are usually nonprofit, and rely on private donations to carry out aid work around the world.

Doctors Without Borders, or Médecins Sans Frontières, fits this description exactly. It is an international medical humanitarian NGO that sends teams to crises, wars, and disasters to treat patients and deliver essential medical care. It maintains independence from governments and political agendas, which is a hallmark of NGOs, and it relies largely on private funding to preserve that autonomy.

The other options are not NGOs. NATO is a military alliance formed by governments and functions as an intergovernmental organization. The World Health Organization and UNICEF are both United Nations agencies, part of intergovernmental structures funded and guided by member states.